[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/vedecke-objevy-19-stoleti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/vedecke-objevy-19-stoleti\/","headline":"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy 19. stolet\u00ed","name":"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy 19. stolet\u00ed","description":"Biologie
 
 Jeden z nejhlavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, ne-li v\u016fbec hlavn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel biologick\u00fdch v\u011bd 19. stolet\u00ed byl britsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Charles R. Darwin, kter\u00fd se narodil roku 1809 a zem\u0159el 19. 4. 1988. Okrem … ","datePublished":"2020-02-21","dateModified":"2023-06-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93869824c8aa580f0d16049ad31e69846ffc925e0cbb2826cc9554f53943da69?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93869824c8aa580f0d16049ad31e69846ffc925e0cbb2826cc9554f53943da69?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"olkam.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370945_w4231_t1582616771.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370945_w4231_t1582616771.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/vedecke-objevy-19-stoleti\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":387,"articleBody":"Biologie
 
  Jeden z nejhlavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, ne-li v\u016fbec hlavn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel biologick\u00fdch v\u011bd 19. stolet\u00ed byl britsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Charles R. Darwin, kter\u00fd se narodil roku 1809 a zem\u0159el 19. 4. 1988. Okrem biologie, se zab\u00fdval tak\u00e9 paleontologi\u00ed a geologi\u00ed. Za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota napsal knihu v roku 1859, kter\u00e1 se zaob\u00edrala vznikem r\u016fzn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch druh\u016f v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. V t\u00e9to knize, jako prvn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el s tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b druhy st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed a neust\u00e1le se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Naopak nep\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00ed vym\u0159ou.
 
  Tato kniha zp\u016fsobila obrovsk\u00fd zvrat ve vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed sv\u011bta okolo n\u00e1s. Informace, kter\u00e9 zde byli napsan\u00e9 se rozhodn\u011b nel\u00edbili c\u00edrkvi a v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed nedok\u00e1zali un\u00e9st to, abychom m\u011bli spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edky s opicemi. 
  
 
 Fyzika
 
  1896 byl rok, ve kter\u00e9m jsme, jako lidstvo objevili radioaktivitu. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji ji objevil Francouz Antonie H. Becquerel, narozen\u00fd 15. 12. 1852 (zem\u0159el 25. 8. 1908). Tento fyzik se d\u00e1le zab\u00fdval i magnetizmem, fosforescenc\u00ed a polarizac\u00ed sv\u011btla.
 
  P\u0159i sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu na\u0161el na fotografick\u00e9 desce stopy po z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, o kter\u00e9m se v\u011bdci d\u0159\u00edve domn\u00edvali, \u017ee tam v\u016fbec nen\u00ed. Byla to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b stopa po uranu. Ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to z\u00e1hady mu pom\u00e1hala tehdy velmi mlad\u00e1 fyzi\u010dka polsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a v\u00fdsledkem jejich spolupr\u00e1ce bylo objeven\u00ed radioaktivity. Za co\u017e roku 1903 dostali Nobelovu cenu za objev p\u0159irozen\u00e9 aktivity.
 
 
 Chemie 
 
  Periodick\u00fd z\u00e1kon byl pro chemii jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev tohoto stolet\u00ed, o co\u017e se postaral rusk\u00fd chemik Dimitrij I. Mend\u011blejev, ten se narodil v t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 19. stolet\u00ed a zem\u0159el roku 1907. Za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el na univerzit\u011b v Petrohrad\u011b a ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva se v\u011bnoval praktick\u00e9 chemii. Snad nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fdm se zab\u00fdval, bylo formulov\u00e1n\u00ed periodick\u00e9 soustavy prvk\u016f a periodick\u00fd z\u00e1kon. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee za\u010dal pozn\u00e1vat vztahy jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f, dok\u00e1zal tak\u00e9 potvrdit p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon a vyu\u017e\u00edt jej.
 
  Pro prvky, kter\u00e9 mu v soustav\u011b chyb\u011bly, nechal voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto, ty pak byli v budoucnu dopln\u011bny.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         3.7\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy 19. stolet\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.olkam.cz\/vedecke-objevy-19-stoleti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]